product-moment correlation coefficient
121Bar chart — See also: Histogram Example of a bar chart, with Country as the discrete data set. A bar chart or bar graph is a chart with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or… …
122System identification — In control engineering, the field of system identification uses statistical methods to build mathematical models of dynamical systems from measured data. System identification also includes the optimal design of experiments for efficiently… …
123Alternative hypothesis — Main article: Statistical hypothesis testing In statistical hypothesis testing, the alternative hypothesis (or maintained hypothesis or research hypothesis) and the null hypothesis are the two rival hypotheses which are compared by a statistical… …
124Latin hypercube sampling — (LHS) is a statistical method for generating a distribution of plausible collections of parameter values from a multidimensional distribution. The sampling method is often applied in uncertainty analysis. The technique was first described by… …
125Gold standard (test) — For other uses, see Gold standard (disambiguation). In medicine and statistics, gold standard test refers to a diagnostic test or benchmark that is the best available under reasonable conditions. It does not have to be necessarily the best… …
126Mathematical statistics — is the study of statistics from a mathematical standpoint, using probability theory as well as other branches of mathematics such as linear algebra and analysis. The term mathematical statistics is closely related to the term statistical theory… …
127Covariate — In statistics, a covariate is a variable that is possibly predictive of the outcome under study. A covariate may be of direct interest or it may be a confounding or interacting variable. The alternative terms explanatory variable, independent… …
128Bayesian experimental design — provides a general probability theoretical framework from which other theories on experimental design can be derived. It is based on Bayesian inference to interpret the observations/data acquired during the experiment. This allows accounting for… …
