probe a charge
11Faraday Wheel — A Faraday wheel is an early generator invented by Michael Faraday. The design is very similar to the homopolar generator. Unlike the Homopolar Generator the Faraday wheel does not utilize a magnetic field.The Faraday Wheel utilizes radial… …
12Mathematics and Physical Sciences — ▪ 2003 Introduction Mathematics Mathematics in 2002 was marked by two discoveries in number theory. The first may have practical implications; the second satisfied a 150 year old curiosity. Computer scientist Manindra Agrawal of the… …
13Photoconductive atomic force microscopy — (pc AFM) is a scientific technique.. Multi layer photovoltaic cells have gained popularity since mid 1980s.[1] At the time, research was primarily focused on single layer photovoltaic (PV) devices between two electrodes, in which PV properties… …
14Physical Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Scientists discovered a new family of superconducting materials and obtained unique images of individual hydrogen atoms and of a multiple exoplanet system. Europe completed the Large Hadron Collider, and China and India took… …
15Mass spectrometry — (MS) is an analytical technique that measures the mass to charge ratio of charged particles.[1] It is used for determining masses of particles, for determining the elemental composition of a sample or molecule, and for elucidating the chemical… …
16spectroscopy — spectroscopist /spek tros keuh pist/, n. /spek tros keuh pee, spek treuh skoh pee/, n. the science that deals with the use of the spectroscope and with spectrum analysis. [1865 70; SPECTRO + SCOPY] * * * Branch of analysis devoted to identifying… …
17microscope — /muy kreuh skohp /, n. 1. an optical instrument having a magnifying lens or a combination of lenses for inspecting objects too small to be seen or too small to be seen distinctly and in detail by the unaided eye. 2. (cap.) Astron. the… …
18Cassini–Huygens — Artist s concept of Cassini s Saturn Orbit Insertion Operator NASA / ESA / ASI Mission type …
19United States — a republic in the N Western Hemisphere comprising 48 conterminous states, the District of Columbia, and Alaska in North America, and Hawaii in the N Pacific. 267,954,767; conterminous United States, 3,022,387 sq. mi. (7,827,982 sq. km); with… …
20Scanning tunneling microscope — Image of reconstruction on a clean Gold(100) surface …
