probability of transition
71Atomic spectral line — In physics, atomic spectral lines are of two types: * An emission line is formed when an electron makes a transition from a particular discrete energy level of an atom, to a lower energy state, emitting a photon of a particular energy and… …
72Forward-backward algorithm — In computer science, the forward backward algorithm, a dynamic programming algorithm for computing the probability of a particular observation sequence, given the parameters of the model, operates in the context of hidden Markov models. Overview… …
73cosmos — /koz meuhs, mohs/, n., pl. cosmos, cosmoses for 2, 4. 1. the world or universe regarded as an orderly, harmonious system. 2. a complete, orderly, harmonious system. 3. order; harmony. 4. any composite plant of the genus Cosmos, of tropical… …
74Population inversion — In physics, specifically statistical mechanics, a population inversion occurs when a system (such as a group of atoms or molecules) exists in state with more members in an excited state than in lower energy states. The concept is of fundamental… …
75Master equation — See Lindblad equation for the master equation used in quantum physics See also Batalin–Vilkovisky formalism for the classical and quantum master equations in quantum field theory. In physics and chemistry and related fields, master equations are… …
76Order-disorder — In quantum field theory and statistical mechanics in the thermodynamic limit, a system with a global symmetry can have more than one phase. For parameters where the symmetry is spontaneously broken, the system is said to be ordered. When the… …
77Franck-Condon principle — The Franck Condon principle is a rule in spectroscopy and quantum chemistry that explains the intensity of vibronic transitions. Vibronic transitions are the simultaneous changes in electronic and vibrational energy levels of a molecule due to… …
78Inflation (cosmology) — Inflation model and Inflation theory redirect here. For a general rise in the price level, see Inflation. For other uses, see Inflation (disambiguation). Physical cosmology …
79Life Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Zoology In 2008 several zoological studies provided new insights into how species life history traits (such as the timing of reproduction or the length of life of adult individuals) are derived in part as responses to… …
80Occupancy frequency distribution — In macroecology and community ecology, an occupancy frequency distribution (OFD) is the distribution of the numbers of species occupying different numbers of areas.[1] It was first reported in 1918 by the Danish botanist Christen C. Raunkiær in… …
