pro-western orientation
21Shevardnadze, Eduard — (1928– ) Georgian diplomat and politician. As minister of foreign affairs of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1990, Eduard Shevardnadze was charged with implementing Mikhail Gorbachev’s “New Thinking” in foreign relations. He presided over the… …
22LITVINOV, MAXIM MAXIMOVICH — (Wallach, Meir Henokh Moiseevitch; 1867–1951) Russian revolutionary and Soviet diplomat. Born in Bialystok, Litvinov joined the illegal Social Democratic Party in 1899 and was arrested and exiled. In 1902 he escaped to Switzerland and in 1903,… …
23UNITED STATES OF AMERICA — UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, country in N. America. This article is arranged according to the following outline: introduction Colonial Era, 1654–1776 Early National Period, 1776–1820 German Jewish Period, 1820–1880 East European Jewish Period,… …
24Ukraine — /yooh krayn , kruyn , yooh krayn/, n. a republic in SE Europe: rich agricultural and industrial region. 50,684,635; 223,090 sq. mi. (603,700 sq. km). Cap.: Kiev. Russian, Ukraina. Formerly, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. * * * Ukraine… …
25HISTORICAL SURVEY: THE STATE AND ITS ANTECEDENTS (1880–2006) — Introduction It took the new Jewish nation about 70 years to emerge as the State of Israel. The immediate stimulus that initiated the modern return to Zion was the disappointment, in the last quarter of the 19th century, of the expectation that… …
26Law, Crime, and Law Enforcement — ▪ 2006 Introduction Trials of former heads of state, U.S. Supreme Court rulings on eminent domain and the death penalty, and high profile cases against former executives of large corporations were leading legal and criminal issues in 2005.… …
27Indonesia — /in deuh nee zheuh, sheuh, zee euh, doh /, n. 1. See East Indies (def. 1). 2. Republic of. Formerly, Netherlands East Indies, Dutch East Indies. a republic in the Malay Archipelago consisting of 13,677 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi,… …
28History of Christianity in Ukraine — Ukrainian Orthodox Church redirects here. For other uses, see Ukrainian Orthodox Church (disambiguation). Holy icon of the Theotokos of Pochaiv, set in the golden diadem presented by Clement XIV …
29Russia — /rush euh/, n. 1. Also called Russian Empire. Russian, Rossiya. a former empire in E Europe and N and W Asia: overthrown by the Russian Revolution 1917. Cap.: St. Petersburg (1703 1917). 2. See Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 3. See Russian… …
30international relations — a branch of political science dealing with the relations between nations. [1970 75] * * * Study of the relations of states with each other and with international organizations and certain subnational entities (e.g., bureaucracies and political… …
