principal administrative positions
111Egypt, ancient — Introduction civilization in northeastern Africa dating from the 3rd millennium BC. Its many achievements, preserved in its art and monuments, hold a fascination that continues to grow as archaeological finds expose its secrets. This article… …
112Bolivia — Bolivian, adj., n. /beuh liv ee euh, boh /; Sp. /baw lee vyah/, n. 1. a republic in W South America. 7,669,868; 404,388 sq. mi. (1,047,370 sq. km). Caps.: La Paz and Sucre. 2. (often l.c.) a twill fabric made of cut pile with lines either in the… …
113Bulgaria — /bul gair ee euh, bool /, n. a republic in SE Europe. 8,652,745; 42,800 sq. mi. (110,850 sq. km). Cap.: Sofia. * * * Bulgaria Introduction Bulgaria Background: The Bulgars, a Central Asian Turkic tribe, merged with the local Slavic inhabitants in …
114Saudi Arabia — a kingdom in N and central Arabia, including Hejaz, Nejd, and dependencies. 20,087,965; ab. 600,000 sq. mi. (1,554,000 sq. km). Cap.: Riyadh. Cf. Mecca. * * * Saudi Arabia Introduction Saudi Arabia Background: In 1902 Abd al Aziz Ibn SAUD… …
115Vietnam — /vee et nahm , nam , vyet , vee it /, n. 1. Official name, Socialist Republic of Vietnam. a country in SE Asia, comprising the former states of Annam, Tonkin, and Cochin China: formerly part of French Indochina; divided into North Vietnam and… …
116VIETNAM — À la jonction de l’Asie orientale et du Sud Est asiatique, baigné sur 2 000 kilomètres par la mer de Chine méridionale, le Vietnam occupe une situation stratégique incomparable entre la Chine et le monde malais, sur une des voies maritimes et… …
117Southeast Asian arts — Literary, performing, and visual arts of Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines. The classical literatures of Southeast Asia can be divided into three major regions: the Sanskrit region of… …
118public administration — 1. the implementation of public policy, largely by the executive branch. 2. a field of study preparing persons for careers in such work. * * * Introduction the implementation of government policies. Today public administration is often… …
119Economic Affairs — ▪ 2006 Introduction In 2005 rising U.S. deficits, tight monetary policies, and higher oil prices triggered by hurricane damage in the Gulf of Mexico were moderating influences on the world economy and on U.S. stock markets, but some other… …
120GOVERNANCE — Ottoman and Mandatory Periods (1880–1948) CENTRAL GOVERNMENT Ottoman Rule At the beginning of the period the Land of Israel was not a political or administrative unit; officially, there was no such entity as Palestine. The Ottoman Empire (see… …
