policy of centralization
11Burgundy, Duchy of — Strictly speaking, the duchy of Burgundy was a large fief held in feudal tenure from the king of France and located in east central France. But in the 14th and 15th centuries, the term also designated a much larger political unit, including… …
12BABYLONIA — BABYLONIA, ancient country in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers; corresponding approximately to modern iraq . Babylonia is the Greek form of the name babili – sometimes translated as gate of God – known from cuneiform texts …
13Augustus — • The name by which Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus, the first Roman emperor, in whose reign Jesus Christ was born, is usually known; born at Rome, 62 B.C.; died A.D. 14 Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Augustus Augustus …
14Falk laws — Kulturkampf Kul*tur kampf , n. [G., fr. kultur, cultur, culture + kampf fight.] (Ger. Hist.) Lit., culture war; a name, originating with Virchow (1821 1902), given to a struggle between the Roman Catholic Church and the German government, chiefly …
15Kulturkampf — Kul*tur kampf , n. [G., fr. kultur, cultur, culture + kampf fight.] (Ger. Hist.) Lit., culture war; a name, originating with Virchow (1821 1902), given to a struggle between the Roman Catholic Church and the German government, chiefly over the… …
16May laws — Kulturkampf Kul*tur kampf , n. [G., fr. kultur, cultur, culture + kampf fight.] (Ger. Hist.) Lit., culture war; a name, originating with Virchow (1821 1902), given to a struggle between the Roman Catholic Church and the German government, chiefly …
17Sclafani — Coat of Arms = The Sclafani coat of arms bears two cranes inversely colored of each other in argent (silver) to signify Peace, and sable (black) to signify jewels, specifically the diamond. An eagle crowned in or (gold) signifying the family s… …
18Shinto sects and schools — Torii gate typical from Shinto shrines Shinto (神道, shintō?), the …
19Aḥmad al-Manṣūr — ▪ ruler of Morocco also called Al dhahabī (the Golden) born 1549, Fès, Mor. died August 20, 1603, Fès sixth ruler of the Saʿdī dynasty, which he raised to its zenith of power by his policy of centralization and astute diplomacy. Al… …
20Contratación, Casa de — ▪ Spanish history Spanish“House of Commerce”, byname Casa de las Indias (“House of the Indies”) central trading house and procurement agency for Spain s New World empire from the 16th to the 18th century. Organized in 1503 by Queen… …
