polarization state for field vector
81Cosmic microwave background radiation — CMB and Cosmic background radiation redirect here. For other uses see CMB (disambiguation) and Cosmic background (disambiguation). Physical cosmology …
82Magnetometer — A magnetometer is a measuring instrument used to measure the strength or direction of a magnetic field either produced in the laboratory or existing in nature. Some countries such as the USA, Canada and Australia classify the more sensitive… …
83X-ray crystallography — can locate every atom in a zeolite, an aluminosilicate with many important applications, such as water purification. X ray crystallography is a method of determining the arrangement of atoms within a crystal, in which a beam of X rays strikes a… …
84electromagnetism — /i lek troh mag ni tiz euhm/, n. 1. the phenomena associated with electric and magnetic fields and their interactions with each other and with electric charges and currents. 2. Also, electromagnetics. the science that deals with these phenomena.… …
85Dipole — This article is about the electromagnetic phenomenon. For other uses, see dipole (disambiguation). The Earth s magnetic field, approximated as a magnetic dipole. However, the N and S (north and south) poles are labeled here geographically, which… …
86Optical tweezers — (originally called single beam gradient force trap ) are scientific instruments that use a highly focused laser beam to provide an attractive or repulsive force (typically on the order of piconewtons), depending on the refractive index mismatch… …
87Atomic line filter — A potassium Faraday filter designed, built and photographed by Jonas Hedin for making daytime LIDAR measurements at Arecibo Observatory.[1] An atomic line filter (ALF) is an advanced optical band pass filter used in the physical sciences for… …
88Luminiferous aether — The luminiferous aether: it was hypothesised that the Earth moves through a medium of aether that carries light In the late 19th century, luminiferous aether or ether, meaning light bearing aether, was the term used to describe a medium for the… …
89Ferroelectricity — is a property of certain materials which possess a spontaneous electric polarization that can be reversed by the application of an external electric field.[1][2] The term is used in analogy to ferromagnetism, in which a material exhibits a… …
90Continuum mechanics — Continuum mechanics …
