polar coordinate
51Coordinates (mathematics) — Coordinates are numbers which describe the location of points in a plane or in space. For example, the height above sea level is a coordinate which is useful for describing points near the surface of the earth. A coordinate system, in a plane or… …
52Hyperbola — This article is about a geometrical curve, a conic section. For the term used in rhetoric, see Hyperbole …
53Centripetal force — Not to be confused with Centrifugal force. Classical mechanics Newton s Second Law …
54Normal coordinates — In differential geometry, normal coordinates at a point p in a differentiable manifold equipped with a symmetric affine connection are a local coordinate system in a neighborhood of p obtained by applying the exponential map to the tangent space… …
55Viewing cone — Viewing direction= When a visual display with non vanishing size is seen by an observer, every point of the display area is seen from a different direction as illustrated in fig. 1. No two spots on the display are seen from the same direction.… …
56Kinematics — Classical mechanics Newton s Second Law History of classical mechanics  …
57HSL and HSV — Fig. 1. HSL (a–d) and HSV (e–h). Above (a, e): cut away 3D models of each. Below: two dimensional plots showing two of a model’s three parameters at once, holding the other constant: cylindrical shells (b, f) of constant saturation, in this case… …
58Vector notation — This page is an overview of the common notations used when working with vectors, which may be spatial or more abstract members of vector spaces.The common typographic convention for representing a vector is upright boldface type, as in v for a… …
59List of letters used in mathematics and science — Some common conventions: * Intensive quantities in physics are usually denoted with minuscules, while extensive are denoted with capital letters. * Most symbols are written in italics. * Vectors are bold. * Sets of numbers are blackboard… …
60Geography in medieval Islam — Islamic geography includes the advancement of geography, cartography and earth sciences under various Islamic civilizations. During the medieval ages, Islamic geography was driven by a number of factors: the Islamic Golden Age, parallel… …
