plausible inference
61Description logic — (DL) is a family of formal knowledge representation languages. It is more expressive than propositional logic but has more efficient decision problems than first order predicate logic. DL is used in artificial intelligence for formal reasoning on …
62Sceptics (The) — The sceptics Michael Frede INTRODUCTION When we speak of ‘scepticism’ and of ‘sceptics’, we primarily think of a philosophical position according to which nothing is known for certain, or even nothing can be known for certain. There are certain… …
63animal learning — ▪ zoology Introduction the alternation of behaviour as a result of individual experience. When an organism can perceive and change its behaviour, it is said to learn. That animals can learn seems to go without saying. The cat that… …
64Berkeley, George — George Berkeley David Berman BACKGROUND AND EARLY WORK George Berkeley was born on 12 March 1685 in Co. Kilkenny, where he spent his early years. His father was from England, his mother (very probably) was born in Ireland.1 After attending… …
65Anaxagoras and the atomists — C.C.W.Taylor ANAXAGORAS In the course of the fifth century BC the political and cultural pre eminence of Athens attracted to the city a considerable number of intellectuals of various kinds from all over the Greek world. This phenomenon, the so… …
66Limited geography model — A limited geography model for the Book of Mormon is one of several theories by Latter Day Saint movement scholars that the book s narrative was a historical record of people in a limited geographical region, rather than of the entire Western… …
67ethics — /eth iks/, n.pl. 1. (used with a sing. or pl. v.) a system of moral principles: the ethics of a culture. 2. the rules of conduct recognized in respect to a particular class of human actions or a particular group, culture, etc.: medical ethics;… …
68Stoicism — Stoicism1 Brad Inwood 1 FROM SOCRATES TO ZENO More than eighty years passed between the death of Socrates in 399 BC and the arrival in Athens of Zeno in 312. Athenian society had undergone enormous upheavals, both political and social. The Greek… …
69Aléthique — Logique modale La logique modale est une logique à laquelle on a ajouté des modificateurs, qu’on pourrait comprendre en grammaire comme des adverbes. Par exemple, on peut modifier la proposition « Il pleut » comme ceci : Il est… …
70Catégorie modale — Logique modale La logique modale est une logique à laquelle on a ajouté des modificateurs, qu’on pourrait comprendre en grammaire comme des adverbes. Par exemple, on peut modifier la proposition « Il pleut » comme ceci : Il est… …
