plausible inference
31Paradoxe des trois prisonniers — Paradoxe des prisonniers Le paradoxe des (trois) prisonniers[1] proposé par J. Pearl est un simple calcul de probabilités. Il ne doit pas être confondu avec le dilemme du prisonnier inventé par Merrill M. Flood et Melvin Dresher en 1950 et qui… …
32Scientific method — …
33Hellenistic biological sciences — R.J.Kankinson The five centuries that separate Aristotle’s death in 322 BC from Galen’s ascendancy in Rome in the latter part of the second century AD were fertile ones for the biological sciences, in particular medicine. Nor is the period solely …
34Belief revision — is the process of changing beliefs to take into account a new piece of information. The logical formalization of belief revision is researched in philosophy, in databases, and in artificial intelligence for the design of rational agents.What… …
35applied logic — Introduction the study of the practical art of right reasoning. The formalism (formal logic) and theoretical results of pure logic can be clothed with meanings derived from a variety of sources within philosophy as well as from other… …
36COGNITIVES (SCIENCES) — Les sciences cognitives ont pour objet de décrire, d’expliquer et le cas échéant de simuler les principales dispositions et capacités de l’esprit humain – langage, raisonnement, perception, coordination motrice, planification... Nées il y a… …
37Deontic logic — is the field of logic that is concerned with obligation, permission, and related concepts. Alternatively, a deontic logic is a formal system that attempts to capture the essential logical features of these concepts. Typically, a deontic logic… …
38mathematics — /math euh mat iks/, n. 1. (used with a sing. v.) the systematic treatment of magnitude, relationships between figures and forms, and relations between quantities expressed symbolically. 2. (used with a sing. or pl. v.) mathematical procedures,… …
39Charles Sanders Peirce —  B …
40formal logic — the branch of logic concerned exclusively with the principles of deductive reasoning and with the form rather than the content of propositions. [1855 60] * * * Introduction the abstract study of propositions, statements, or assertively used …
