philosophy of measurement
31behaviourism — In psychology behaviourism, associated with Watson and such researchers as Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936), was first of all a methodological view, counselling the avoidance of introspection and the subjective in favour of the scientific measurement of… …
32chaos — 1 Historically, the contrast is between chaos, or the unordered, unformed, undifferentiated beginnings of things, and the cosmos, which is the ordered universe (see also logos ). The concept is thus implicit in early Greek cosmogony. 2 In modern… …
33information theory — The theory of measurement of information in which the information content of an event is measured by its statistical improbability …
34isomorphic — One system is isomorphic with another if there is a one to one representation or mapping of its properties associating them with properties of the other system. To say that there is an isomorphism between two systems is thus to say that they… …
35magnitude — See measurement …
36potentiality — The adjective ‘potential’ sets a logical trap. A potential x is not a kind of x, but at best a thing of a different kind that is capable of becoming an x (so, for example, the destruction of a potential x is not the same as the destruction of an… …
37range theory of probability — The range theory of probability holds that the probability of a proposition, relative to some evidence, is a proportion of the range of possibilities under which the proposition is true, compared to the total range of possibilities left open by… …
38utilitarianism — The ethical theory advanced by Bentham, both James and J. S. Mill, Sidgwick, and many others, that answers all questions of what to do, what to admire, or how to live, in terms of maximizing utility or happiness. As well as an ethical theory,… …
39Zeno's paradoxes — Zeno of Elea s arguments against motion precipitated a crisis in Greek thought. They are presented as four arguments in the form of paradoxes : (1) the Racecourse, or dichotomy paradox, (2) Achilles and the Tortoise, (3) the Arrow, and (4) the… …
40David Andrich — Professor Andrich at The University of Western Australia Born Perth, Western Australia, Australia …
