phase-transition heat
71Magnetic refrigeration — Gadolinium alloy heats up inside the magnetic field and loses thermal energy to the environment, so it exits the field cooler than when it entered. Magnetic refrigeration is a cooling technology based on the magnetocaloric effect. This technique… …
72Ising model — The Ising model, named after the physicist Ernst Ising, is a mathematical model in statistical mechanics. It has since been used to model diverse phenomena in which bits of information, interacting in pairs, produce collectiveeffects.Definition… …
73Collision cascade — A classical molecular dynamics computer simulation of a collision cascade in Au induced by a 10 keV Au self recoil. This is a typical case of a collision cascade in the heat spike regime. Each small sphere illustrates the position of an atom, in… …
74High-temperature superconductivity — Unsolved problems in physics What causes superconductivity at temperatures above 50 kelvin? High temperature superconductors (abbreviated high Tc or HTS) are materials that have a superconducting transition temperature (Tc) above 30 K… …
75Kauzmann paradox — In thermodynamics, the Kauzmann paradox is the apparent result that it is possible to obtain a supercooled liquid with an entropy lower than that of its corresponding crystal. This is viewed as a paradox, since the disordered liquid must have a… …
76Cristal liquide — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Cristal (homonymie) . Transition smectique nématique Un cristal liquide est un état de la matière qui combine des propriétés d un liquide conventionnel et c …
77Post-perovskite — is a high pressure phase of MgSiO3, is composed of the prime oxide constituents of the Earth s rocky mantle (MgO and SiO2), and its pressure and temperature for stability imply that it is likely to occur in portions of the lowermost few hundred… …
78Evaporative cooler — An evaporative cooler, photographed in Rocky Ford, Colorado, used in the drier parts of the American West to provide economical cooling …
79Proteasome — Proteasomes are large protein complexes inside all eukaryotes and archaea, as well as in some bacteria. In eukaryotes, they are located in the nucleus and the cytoplasm.cite journal |author=Peters JM, Franke WW, Kleinschmidt JA |title=Distinct 19 …
80Sublimation (chemistry) — Sublimation of an element or compound is a transition from the solid to gas phase with no intermediate liquid stage. Sublimation is an endothermic phase transition that occurs at temperatures and pressures below the triple point (see phase… …
