phase conjugate optics
11Photorefractive effect — The photorefractive effect is a nonlinear optical effect seen in certain crystals and other materials that respond to light by altering their refractive indexcite book author=J. Frejlich title=Photorefractive materials : fundamental concepts,… …
12Impedance matching — In electronics, impedance matching is the practice of designing the input impedance of an electrical load (or the output impedance of its corresponding signal source) to maximize the power transfer and/or minimize reflections from the load.… …
13Coherent states — In quantum mechanics a coherent state is a specific kind of quantum state of the quantum harmonic oscillator whose dynamics most closely resembles the oscillating behaviour of a classical harmonic oscillator. It was the first example of quantum… …
14Computational electromagnetics — Computational electromagnetics, computational electrodynamics or electromagnetic modeling is the process of modeling the interaction of electromagnetic fields with physical objects and the environment. It typically involves using computationally… …
15Metamaterial antenna — This Z antenna tested at the National Institute of Standards and Technology is smaller than a standard antenna with comparable properties. Its high efficiency is derived from the Z element inside the square that acts as a metamaterial, greatly… …
16Displacement operator — Quantum optics operators Ladder operators Creation and annihilation operators Displacement operator Rotation operator (quantum mechanics) Squeeze operator Anti symmetric operator Quantum corre …
17Mathematical descriptions of opacity — When an electromagnetic wave travels through a medium in which it gets absorbed (this is called an opaque or attenuating medium), it undergoes exponential decay as described by the Beer–Lambert law. However, there are many possible ways to… …
18Defining equation (physics) — For common nomenclature of base quantities used in this article, see Physical quantity. For 4 vector modifications used in relativity, see Four vector. Very often defining equations are in the form of a constitutive equation, since parameters of… …
19Thermodynamics — Annotated color version of the original 1824 Carnot heat engine showing the hot body (boiler), working body (system, steam), and cold body (water), the letters labeled according to the stopping points in Carnot cycle …
20Wigner quasi-probability distribution — See also Wigner distribution, a disambiguation page. The Wigner quasi probability distribution (also called the Wigner function or the Wigner Ville distribution) is a special type of quasi probability distribution. It was introduced by Eugene… …
