perturbation of energy-level system
71Latitudinal gradients in species diversity — The pattern= The increase in species richness or biodiversity that occurs from the poles to the tropics, often referred to as the latitudinal gradient in species diversity, is one of the most widely recognized patterns in ecology. Put another way …
72MEMO Model — The MEMO Model (version 6.2) is a Eulerian non hydrostatic prognostic mesoscale model for wind flow simulation. It was developed by the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in collaboration with the Universität Karlsruhe. The MEMO Model together… …
73Mathematical optimization — For other uses, see Optimization (disambiguation). The maximum of a paraboloid (red dot) In mathematics, computational science, or management science, mathematical optimization (alternatively, optimization or mathematical programming) refers to… …
74Terraforming of Mars — Artist s conception of the process of terraforming Mars. The terraforming of Mars is the hypothetical process by which the climate, surface, and known properties of Mars would be deliberately changed with the goal of making it habitable by humans …
75Soliton (optics) — In optics, the term soliton is used to refer to any optical field that does not change during propagation because of a delicate balance between nonlinear and linear effects in the medium. There are two main kinds of solitons: spatial solitons:… …
76QCD vacuum — The QCD vacuum is the vacuum state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). It is an example of a non perturbative vacuum state, characterized by many non vanishing condensates such as the gluon condensate or the quark condensate. These condensates… …
77syndrome — The aggregate of symptoms and signs associated with any morbid process, and constituting together the picture of the disease. SEE ALSO: disease. [G. s., a running together, tumultuous concourse; (in med.) a concurrence of symptoms, fr. syn,… …
78Calculus of variations — is a field of mathematics that deals with extremizing functionals, as opposed to ordinary calculus which deals with functions. A functional is usually a mapping from a set of functions to the real numbers. Functionals are often formed as definite …
79Radioactive decay — For particle decay in a more general context, see Particle decay. For more information on hazards of various kinds of radiation from decay, see Ionizing radiation. Radioactive redirects here. For other uses, see Radioactive (disambiguation).… …
80Morse theory — Morse function redirects here. In another context, a Morse function can also mean an anharmonic oscillator: see Morse potential In differential topology, the techniques of Morse theory give a very direct way of analyzing the topology of a… …
