perpendicular magnetization
41Magnetocrystalline anisotropy — is the dependence of the internal energy of a ferromagnet on the direction of its magnetization. As a result, certain crystallographic directions are preferred directions, or easy axes, for the magnetization. It is a special case of magnetic… …
42Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins — (usually abbreviated protein NMR) is a field of structural biology in which NMR spectroscopy is used to obtain information about the structure and dynamics of proteins. The field was pioneered by Richard R. Ernst and Kurt Wüthrich[1], among… …
43Maxwell's equations — For thermodynamic relations, see Maxwell relations. Electromagnetism …
44Optical modulators using semiconductor nano-structures — Contents 1 Optical modulators using semiconductor nano structures 1.1 Electro optic modulator of nano structures 1.2 Acousto optic modulator of nano structures …
45plate tectonics — plate tectonic, adj. Geol. a theory of global tectonics in which the lithosphere is divided into a number of crustal plates, each of which moves on the plastic asthenosphere more or less independently to collide with, slide under, or move past… …
46sound recording — Introduction transcription of vibrations in air that are perceptible as sound onto a storage medium, such as a phonograph disc. In sound reproduction the process is reversed so that the variations stored on the medium are converted back… …
47History of Physics — History of Physics † Catholic Encyclopedia ► History of Physics The subject will be treated under the following heads: I. A Glance at Ancient Physics; II. Science and Early Christian Scholars; III. A Glance at Arabian Physics; IV.… …
48Magnetism — This article is about magnetic materials. For information about objects and devices that produce a magnetic field, see magnet. For fields that magnets and currents produce, see magnetic field. For other uses, see magnetism (disambiguation).… …
49electromagnetism — /i lek troh mag ni tiz euhm/, n. 1. the phenomena associated with electric and magnetic fields and their interactions with each other and with electric charges and currents. 2. Also, electromagnetics. the science that deals with these phenomena.… …
50electromagnet — /i lek troh mag nit/, n. a device consisting of an iron or steel core that is magnetized by electric current in a coil that surrounds it. [1815 25; ELECTRO + MAGNET] * * * Device consisting of a core of magnetic material such as iron, surrounded… …
