permanent deformation
51Cryogenic hardening — is a cryogenic heat treating process where the material is cooled to approximately −185 °C (−301 °F), usually using liquid nitrogen. It can have a profound effect on the mechanical properties of certain steels, provided their composition and …
52Glossary of geology terms — Here is a glossary of Geological terms.A*Abyssal plain Flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. *Absolute dating the process of determining a specific date (in years or some other unit of time) for an archaeological,… …
53Soil structure interaction — Most of the civil engineering structures involve some type of structural element with direct contact with ground. When the external forces, such as earthquakes, act on these systems, neither the structural displacements nor the ground… …
54Solid — Continuum mechanicsA solid object is in the states of matter characterized by resistance to deformation and changes of volume. At the microscopic scale, a solid has these properties : * The atoms or molecules that compose the solid are packed… …
55shear modulus — Physics. a coefficient of elasticity of a substance, expressing the ratio between the force per unit area (shearing stress) that laterally deforms the substance and the shear (shearing strain) that is produced by this force. Also called modulus… …
56wood — wood1 woodless, adj. /wood/, n. 1. the hard, fibrous substance composing most of the stem and branches of a tree or shrub, and lying beneath the bark; the xylem. 2. the trunks or main stems of trees as suitable for architectural and other… …
57Wood — /wood/, n. 1. Grant, 1892 1942, U.S. painter. 2. Leonard, 1860 1927, U.S. military doctor and political administrator. * * * I Hard, fibrous material formed by the accumulation of secondary xylem produced by the vascular cambium. It is the… …
58Young's modulus — Physics. a coefficient of elasticity of a substance, expressing the ratio between a stress that acts to change the length of a body and the fractional change in length caused by this force. [1860 65; named after Thomas YOUNG, who derived it] * *… …
59creep — [[t]krip[/t]] v. crept or, sometimes, creeped; creep•ing, n. 1) to move slowly with the body close to the ground, on hands and knees, or the like 2) to approach slowly and stealthily (often fol. by up) 3) to advance slowly and often with… …
60Polymer — Appearance of real linear polymer chains as recorded using an atomic force microscope on surface under liquid medium. Chain contour length for this polymer is 204 nm; thickness is 0.4 nm.[1] A polymer is a large molecule (macromolecule …
