passivation layer
41Electromigration — is the transport of material caused by the gradual movement of the ions in a conductor due to the momentum transfer between conducting electrons and diffusing metal atoms. The effect is important in applications where high direct current… …
42Anodizing — Anodizing, or anodising, is an electrolytic passivation process used to increase the thickness of the natural oxide layer on the surface of metal parts. Anodizing increases corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and provides better adhesion… …
43Solar cell — A solar cell made from a monocrystalline silicon wafer …
44Porous silicon — (pSi) is a form of the chemical element silicon which has an introduced nanoporous holes in its microstructure, rendering a large surface to volume ratio in the order of 500m2/cm3. History Porous silicon was first discovered by accident in 1956… …
45Iron pillar of Delhi — For other uses, see Ashoka Pillar (disambiguation). The iron pillar of Delhi The iron pillar of Delhi, India, is a 7 m (23 ft) high pillar in the Qutb complex, notable for the composition of the metals used in its construction. The… …
46Electrochemistry — is a branch of chemistry that studies chemical reactions which take place in a solution at the interface of an electron conductor (a metal or a semiconductor) and an ionic conductor (the electrolyte), and which involve electron transfer between… …
47Semiconductor device fabrication — Semiconductor manufacturing processes 10 µm 1971 3 µm 1975 1.5 µm 1982 …
48Lau Wai Shing — Wai Shing Lau (simplified Chinese name: 刘偉成, born July 29, 1955 in Hong Kong) is also known as Lau Wai Shing. The family name of Lau is sometimes spelled as Liu like Liu Bang (founder of the Han dynasty) or Liu Shaoqi or Liu Bocheng. This is… …
49Microelectromechanical systems — (MEMS) (also written as micro electro mechanical, MicroElectroMechanical or microelectronic and microelectromechanical systems) is the technology of very small mechanical devices driven by electricity; it merges at the nano scale into… …
50Soldering — For the song, see Soldering (song). For the product, see Solder. Desoldering a contact from a wire. Soldering is a process in which two or more metal items are joined together by melting and flowing a filler metal (solder) into the joint, the… …
