oxide film formation
21Crevice corrosion — refers to corrosion occurring in confined spaces to which the access of the working fluid from the environment is limited. These spaces are generally called crevices. Examples of crevices are gaps and contact areas between parts, under gaskets or …
22aluminum — aluminic /al yeuh min ik/, adj. /euh looh meuh neuhm/, n. 1. Chem. a silver white metallic element, light in weight, ductile, malleable, and not readily corroded or tarnished, occurring combined in nature in igneous rock, shale, clay, and most… …
23Hard water — is the type of water that has high mineral content (in contrast with soft water ). Hard water minerals primarily consist of calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+) metal cations, and sometimes other dissolved compounds such as bicarbonates and… …
24Cobalt — This article is about the metal. For other uses, see Cobalt (disambiguation). iron ← cobalt → nickel ↑ Co ↓ Rh …
25electronics — /i lek tron iks, ee lek /, n. (used with a sing. v.) the science dealing with the development and application of devices and systems involving the flow of electrons in a vacuum, in gaseous media, and in semiconductors. [1905 10; see ELECTRONIC,… …
26Stainless steel — Iron alloy phases Ferrite (α iron, δ iron) Austenite (γ iron) Pearlite (88% ferrite, 12% cementite) …
27nickel processing — Introduction preparation of the metal for use in various products. Although it is best known for its use in coinage, nickel (Ni) has become much more important for its many industrial applications, which owe their importance to a… …
28titanium processing — Introduction preparation of the ore for use in various products. Titanium (Ti) is a soft, ductile, silvery gray metal with a melting point of 1,675° C (3,047° F). Owing to the formation on its surface of an oxide film that is… …
29Copper alloys in aquaculture — A copper alloy pen that has been deployed on a fish farm at depth of 14 feet for one year shows no signs of biofouling. Recently, copper alloys have become important netting materials in aquaculture (the farming of aquatic organisms including… …
30sample preparation — ▪ chemistry Introduction in analytical chemistry (chemistry), the processes in which a representative piece of material is extracted from a larger amount and readied for analysis. Sampling and sample preparation have a unique meaning and special …
