over-estimation
21To pass over — Pass Pass, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Passed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Passing}.] [F. passer, LL. passare, fr. L. passus step, or from pandere, passum, to spread out, lay open. See {Pace}.] 1. To go; to move; to proceed; to be moved or transferred from one… …
22Cochrane-Orcutt estimation — is a procedure in econometrics, which adjusts a linear model for serial correlation in the error term. It is named after statisticians D. Cochrane and G. H. Orcutt, who worked in the Department of Applied Economics, Cambridge.TheoryConsider the… …
23Cochrane–Orcutt estimation — is a procedure in econometrics, which adjusts a linear model for serial correlation in the error term. It is named after statisticians D. Cochrane and G. H. Orcutt, who worked in the Department of Applied Economics, Cambridge (U.K.). Contents 1… …
24Debates over Americanization — According to The Norton Anthology of American Literature, the term Americanization was coined in the early 1900s and “referred to a concerted movement to turn immigrants into Americans, including classes, programs, and ceremonies focused on… …
25Difference in differences — (DID) (sometimes Diff in Diffs ) is a quasi experimental technique used in econometrics that measures the effect of a treatment at a given period in time. It is often used to measure the change induced by a particular treatment or event, though… …
26Degrees of freedom (statistics) — In statistics, the number of degrees of freedom is the number of values in the final calculation of a statistic that are free to vary.[1] Estimates of statistical parameters can be based upon different amounts of information or data. The number… …
27Lancet surveys of Iraq War casualties — The Lancet , one of the oldest scientific medical journals in the world, published two peer reviewed studies on the effect of the 2003 invasion of Iraq and subsequent occupation on Iraqi mortality. The first was published in 2004; the second (by… …
28Interval arithmetic — Interval arithmetic, also called interval mathematics , interval analysis , and interval computation , is a method in mathematics. It has been developed by mathematicians since the 1950s and 1960s as an approach to putting bounds on rounding… …
29Bogdanov Affair — Infobox Person name = Igor and Grichka Bogdanov birth date = birth date and age|1949|8|29 birth place = Saint Lary, Gers, FranceThe Bogdanov Affair is an academic dispute regarding the legitimacy of a series of theoretical physics papers written… …
30Strategic management — is a field that deals with the major intended and emergent initiatives taken by general managers on behalf of owners, involving utilization of resources, to enhance the performance of firms in their external environments.[1] It entails specifying… …
