orientable
121Riemann surface — For the Riemann surface of a subring of a field, see Zariski–Riemann space. Riemann surface for the function ƒ(z) = √z. The two horizontal axes represent the real and imaginary parts of z, while the vertical axis represents the real… …
122Cotangent bundle — In mathematics, especially differential geometry, the cotangent bundle of a smooth manifold is the vector bundle of all the cotangent spaces at every point in the manifold. It may be described also as the dual bundle to the tangent bundle.… …
123JSJ decomposition — In mathematics, the JSJ decomposition, also known as the toral decomposition, is a topological construct given by the following theorem: Irreducible orientable closed (i.e., compact and without boundary) 3 manifolds have a unique (up to isotopy)… …
124Algebraic curve — In algebraic geometry, an algebraic curve is an algebraic variety of dimension one. The theory of these curves in general was quite fully developed in the nineteenth century, after many particular examples had been considered, starting with… …
125Sectional curvature — In Riemannian geometry, the sectional curvature is one of the ways to describe the curvature of Riemannian manifolds. The sectional curvature K(σp) depends on a two dimensional plane σp in the tangent space at p. It is the Gaussian curvature of… …
126Line bundle — In mathematics, a line bundle expresses the concept of a line that varies from point to point of a space. For example a curve in the plane having a tangent line at each point determines a varying line: the tangent bundle is a way of organising… …
127Frame bundle — In mathematics, a frame bundle is a principal fiber bundle F(E) associated to any vector bundle E. The fiber of F(E) over a point x is the set of all ordered bases, or frames, for Ex. The general linear group acts naturally on F(E) via a change… …
128Solid modeling — The geometry in solid modeling is fully described in 3‑D space; objects can be viewed from any angle. Modeled and ray traced in Cobalt Solid modeling (or modelling) is a consistent set of principles for mathematical and computer modeling of three …
