organic catalyst
91Ruthenium — (pronEng|ruːˈθiːniəm) is a chemical element that has the symbol Ru and atomic number 44. A rare transition metal of the platinum group of the periodic table, ruthenium is found associated with platinum ores and used as a catalyst in some platinum …
92Negishi coupling — The Negishi coupling is a cross coupling reaction in organic chemistry involving an organozinc compound, an organic halide and a nickel or palladium catalyst creating a new carbon carbon covalent bond:[1][2] The halide X can be chloride, bromine… …
93Magnetic nanoparticles — are a class of nanoparticle which can be manipulated using magnetic field. Such particles commonly consist of magnetic elements such as iron, nickel and cobalt and their chemical compounds. While nanoparticles are smaller than 1 micrometer in… …
94transition element — Chem. any element in any of the series of elements with atomic numbers 21 29, 39 47, 57 79, and 89 107, that in a given inner orbital has less than a full quota of electrons. Also called transition metal. [1920 25] * * * Any chemical element with …
95Life Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Zoology In 2008 several zoological studies provided new insights into how species life history traits (such as the timing of reproduction or the length of life of adult individuals) are derived in part as responses to… …
96Chiral Lewis acid — Chiral Lewis acids (CLAs) are a novel class of Lewis acid catalyst used in enantioselective asymmetric synthesis reactions which produce optically active products from optically inactive or impure starting materials. This type of preferential… …
97petroleum refining — Introduction conversion of crude oil into useful products. History Distillation of kerosene and naphtha The refining of crude petroleum owes its origin to the successful drilling of the first oil well in Titusville, Pa., in 1859. Prior to… …
98Hydrazine — For the antidepressant, see Hydrazine (antidepressant). Hydrazine …
99Ionic liquid — An ionic liquid is a liquid that contains essentially only ions. Some ionic liquids, such as ethylammonium nitrate are in a dynamic equilibrium where at any time more than 99.99% of the liquid is made up of ionic rather than molecular species. In …
100Organopalladium — chemistry is a branch of organometallic chemistry that deals with organic palladium compounds and their reactions. Palladium is often used as a catalyst in the reduction of alkenes and alkynes with hydrogen. This process involves the formation of …
