orbital angular momentum
91Hyperfine structure — In atomic physics, hyperfine coupling is the weak magnetic interaction between electrons and nuclei. Hyperfine coupling causes the hyperfine splitting of atomic or molecular energy levels. The totality of energy levels spawned by hyperfine… …
92Charmed baryons — are a category of composite particles comprising all baryons made of at least one charm quark. Since their first observation in the 1970s, a large number of distinct charmed baryon states have been identified. Observed charmed baryons have masses …
93Eccentricity vector — In astrodynamics, the eccentricity vector of a conic section orbit is the vector pointing towards the periapsis and with magnitude equal to the orbit s scalar eccentricity. The magnitude is unitless. CalculationThe eccentricity vector mathbf{e} …
94Lyman-alpha line — In physics, the Lyman alpha line is a spectral line of hydrogen, or more generally of one electron ions, in the Lyman series, emitted when the electron falls from the n = 2 orbital to the n = 1 orbital, where n is the principal quantum number. In …
95Rydberg Ionization Spectroscopy — Rydberg statesAtoms and molecules have ionization energy thresholds associated with the energy required to remove an electron from the ionic core. (The Rydberg formula describes the energy level series of a Rydberg atom.) Rydberg series describe… …
96Nucleon — For the Ford concept car, see Ford Nucleon. For the fictional power source in the Transformers universe, see Nucleon (Transformers). An atomic nucleus is a compact bundle of the two types of nucleons: Protons (red) and neutrons (blue). In this… …
97Principal quantum number — In atomic physics, the principal quantum number symbolized as n is the first of a set of quantum numbers (which includes: the principal quantum number, the azimuthal quantum number, the magnetic quantum number, and the spin quantum number) of an… …
98Spectroscopic notation — provides various ways to specify atomic ionization states, as well as atomic and molecular orbitals.Ionization statesSpectroscopists customarily refer to the spectrum arising from a given ionization state of a given element by the element s… …
99Nucleon spin structure — describes the partonic structure of nucleon (proton and neutron) intrinsic angular momentum (spin). The key question is how nucleon spin 1/2 is carried by its constituents, say partons (quarks and gluons). It was originally expected before the… …
100Metal L-edge — Figure 1: L3 and L2 edges of [CuCl4]2 …
