optimality
71Theory of the Second Best — The Theory of the Second Best concerns what happens when one or more optimality conditions are not satisfied in an economic model. Canadian economist Richard Lipsey and Australian American economist Kelvin Lancaster showed in a 1956 paper that if …
72Alan Prince — Alan Sanford Prince (born 1946) is a professor of linguistics at Rutgers University. Prince, along with Paul Smolensky, developed Optimality Theory. Optimality Theory was originally applied to phonology, but has been extended to other areas of… …
73Estimation theory — is a branch of statistics and signal processing that deals with estimating the values of parameters based on measured/empirical data. The parameters describe an underlying physical setting in such a way that the value of the parameters affects… …
74Incomplete markets — The Theory of Incomplete Markets is an extension of the general equilibrium approach to intertemporal economies with uncertainty, where the set of available contracts which can be used to transfer wealth across time is limited relative to the… …
75Zapotec languages — Zapotec Diidzaj, Diza, Ditsa, Diidxazá, Tiits Së . . . Spoken in Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla, Guerrero); USA Native speakers ca 500,000  (date missing) …
76Marcus Hutter — (born 1967) is a German computer scientist and professor at the Australian National University. Hutter was born and educated in Munich, where he studied physics and computer science. In 2000 he joined Jürgen Schmidhuber s group at the Swiss… …
77Motion planning — (a.k.a., the navigation problem , the piano mover s problem ) is a term used in robotics for the process of detailing a task into discrete motions. For example, consider navigating a mobile robot inside a building to a distant waypoint. It should …
78Predispositioning Theory — was founded by Aron Katsenelinboigen (1927–2005), a Professor in Wharton School who dealt with indeterministic systems such as chess, business, economics, and other fields of knowledge and also made an essential step forward in elaboration of… …
79Aron Katsenelinboigen — Aron Katsenelinboigen, (September 2, 1927 July 30, 2005), a founder of Predispositioning Theory, was born in September 1927 in a Ukrainian town of Izyaslavl.Background Katsenelinboigen enrolled at the Uzbekistan Institute of Economics at the age… …
80Calculus of predispositions — is a basic part of Predispositioning Theory and belongs to the indeterministic procedures. “The key component of any indeterministic procedure is the evaluation of a position. Since it is impossible to devise a deterministic chain linking the… …
