optimality
61Social welfare function — In economics a social welfare function can be defined as a real valued function that ranks conceivable social states (alternative complete descriptions of the society) from lowest on up as to welfare of the society. Inputs of the function include …
62Tabu search — is a mathematical optimization method, belonging to the class of local search techniques. Tabu search enhances the performance of a local search method by using memory structures: once a potential solution has been determined, it is marked as… …
63Chain shift — In phonology, a chain shift is a phenomenon in which several sounds move stepwise along a phonetic scale. The sounds involved in a chain shift can be ordered into a chain in such a way that, after the change is complete, each phoneme ends up… …
64Cutting stock problem — The cutting stock problem is an optimization problem, or more specifically, an integer linear programming problem. It arises from many applications in industry. Imagine that you work in a paper mill and you have a number of rolls of paper of… …
65Depth-limited search — Class Search Algorithm Data structure Graph Worst case performance O( | V | + | E | ) …
66Needleman-Wunsch algorithm — The Needleman–Wunsch algorithm performs a global alignment on two sequences (called A and B here). It is commonly used in bioinformatics to align protein or nucleotide sequences. The algorithm was published in 1970 by Saul Needleman and Christian …
67Arnoldi iteration — In numerical linear algebra, the Arnoldi iteration is an eigenvalue algorithm and an important example of iterative methods. Arnoldi finds the eigenvalues of general (possibly non Hermitian) matrices; an analogous method for Hermitian matrices is …
68Feature selection — Feature selection, also known as variable selection, feature reduction, attribute selection or variable subset selection, is the technique, commonly used in machine learning, of selecting a subset of relevant features for building robust learning …
69Focus (linguistics) — Focus is a concept in linguistic theory that deals with how information in one phrase relates to information that has come before. Focus has been analyzed in a variety of ways by linguists. Historically, there have been two main approaches to… …
70Liberal paradox — The liberal paradox is a logical paradox advanced by Amartya Sen, building on the work of Kenneth Arrow and his impossibility theorem, which showed that within a system of menu independent social choice, it is impossible to have both a commitment …
