optical diffraction
91Nobel Prizes — ▪ 2009 Introduction Prize for Peace The 2008 Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to Martti Ahtisaari, former president (1994–2000) of Finland, for his work over more than 30 years in settling international disputes, many involving ethnic,… …
92Reflecting telescope — 24 inch convertible Newtonian/Cassegrain reflecting telescope on display at the Franklin Institute. A reflecting telescope (also called a reflector) is an optical telescope which uses a single or combination of curved mirrors that reflect light… …
93Visual acuity — 20/15 and 20/15 vision redirect here. For other uses, see 2020 (disambiguation). Typical Snellen chart used for visual acuity testing. Visual acuity (VA) is acuteness or clearness of vision, which is dependent on the sharpness of the retinal… …
94Metamaterial — Negative index metamaterial array configuration, which was constructed of copper split ring resonators and wires mounted on interlocking sheets of fiberglass circuit board. The total array consists of 3 by 20×20 unit cells with overall dimensions …
95Fluorescence microscope — An upright fluorescence microscope (Olympus BX61) with the fluorescent filter cube turret above the objective lenses, coupled with a digital camera. A fluorescence microscope is an optical microscope used to study properties of organic or… …
96Science of photography — refers to the use of science, such as chemistry and physics, in all aspects of photography. This applies to the camera, its lenses, physical operation of the camera, electronic camera internals, and the process of developing film in order to take …
97Photonic-crystal fiber — (PCF) is a new class of optical fiber based on the properties of photonic crystals. Because of its ability to confine light in hollow cores or with confinement characteristics not possible in conventional optical fiber, PCF is now finding… …
98Laser diode — Top: a packaged laser diode shown with a penny for scale. Bottom: the laser diode chip is removed from the above package and placed on the eye of a needle for scale …
99Astronomical seeing — Schematic diagram illustrating how optical wavefronts from a distant star may be perturbed by a layer of turbulent mixing in the atmosphere. The vertical scale of the wavefronts plotted is highly exaggerated. Astronomical seeing refers to the… …
100Focus recovery based on the linear canonical transform — Focus recovery from defocused image is an ill posed problem since it loses the component of high freqency. Most of the methods for focus revocery are based on depth estimation theory [Most of depth recovery methods are simply based on camera… …
