optical conductivity
51high-pressure phenomena — ▪ physics Introduction changes in physical, chemical, and structural characteristics that matter undergoes when subjected to high pressure. pressure thus serves as a versatile tool in materials research, and it is especially important in… …
52Thermodynamic temperature — is the absolute measure of temperature and is one of the principal parameters of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic temperature is an “absolute” scale because it is the measure of the fundamental property underlying temperature: its null or zero point …
53Ferrofluid — on glass, with a magnet underneath. A ferrofluid (portmanteau of ferromagnetic, and fluid) is a liquid which becomes strongly magnetized in the presence of a magnetic field. Ferrofluids are colloidal liquids made of nanoscale ferromagnetic, or… …
54electricity — /i lek tris i tee, ee lek /, n. 1. See electric charge. 2. See electric current. 3. the science dealing with electric charges and currents. 4. a state or feeling of excitement, anticipation, tension, etc. [1640 50; ELECTRIC + ITY] * * *… …
55Chromatography detector — A chromatography detector is a device used in gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC) to visualize components of the mixture being eluted off the chromatography column. There are two general types of detectors: destructive and non… …
56Glass transition — The liquid glass transition (or glass transition for short) is the reversible transition in amorphous materials (or in amorphous regions within semicrystalline materials) from a hard and relatively brittle state into a molten or rubber like state …
57Flow measurement — is the quantification of bulk fluid movement. Flow can be measured in a variety of ways. Positive displacement flow meters acumulate a fixed volume of fluid and then count the number of times the volume is filled to measure flow. Other flow… …
58Plasma (physics) — For other uses, see Plasma. Plasma lamp, illustrating some of the more complex phenomena of a plasma, including filamentation. The colors are a result of relaxation of electrons in excited states to lower energy states after they have recombined… …
59Photoconductive atomic force microscopy — (pc AFM) is a scientific technique.. Multi layer photovoltaic cells have gained popularity since mid 1980s.[1] At the time, research was primarily focused on single layer photovoltaic (PV) devices between two electrodes, in which PV properties… …
60Anisotropy — (pronounced with stress on the third syllable, IPAEng|ˌænaɪˈsɒtrəpi) is the property of being directionally dependent, as opposed to isotropy, which means homogeneity in all directions. It can be defined as a difference in a physical property… …
