optic amplifier
31Nobel Prizes — ▪ 2009 Introduction Prize for Peace The 2008 Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to Martti Ahtisaari, former president (1994–2000) of Finland, for his work over more than 30 years in settling international disputes, many involving ethnic,… …
32telecommunications media — Introduction equipment and systems metal wire, terrestrial and satellite radio, and optical fibre employed in the transmission of electromagnetic signals. Transmission media and the problem of signal degradation Every… …
33Laser — For other uses, see Laser (disambiguation). United States Air Force laser experiment …
34Single-mode optical fiber — In fiber optic communication, a single mode optical fiber (SMF) is an optical fiber designed to carry only a single ray of light (mode). This ray of light often contains a variety of different wavelengths. Although the ray travels parallel to the …
35Optical communication — is any form of telecommunication that uses light as the transmission medium. An optical communication system consists of a transmitter, which encodes a message into an optical signal, a channel, which carries the signal to its destination, and a… …
36Laser safety — A typical laser warning symbol. Laser safety is safe design, use and implementation of lasers to minimize the risk of laser accidents, especially those involving eye injuries. Since even relatively small amounts of laser light can lead to… …
37Fiber laser — A fiber laser or fibre laser is a laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare earth elements such as erbium, ytterbium, neodymium, dysprosium, praseodymium, and thulium. They are related to doped fiber amplifiers,… …
38Charge-coupled device — A specially developed CCD used for ultraviolet imaging in a wire bonded package. A charge coupled device (CCD) is a device for the movement of electrical charge, usually from within the device to an area where the charge can be manipulated, for… …
39Erbium — (pronEng|ˈɝbiəm) is a chemical element with the symbol Er and atomic number 68. A rare, silvery, white metallic lanthanide, erbium is a solid in its normal state. It is a rare earth element associated with several other rare elements in the… …
40Wavelength-division multiplexing — For the radio station, see DWDM FM. Multiplex techniques Circuit mode (constant bandwidth) TDM · FDM · SDM Polarization multiplexing Spatial m …
