onset of solar particle increase
11Space debris — populations seen from outside geosynchronous orbit (GEO). Note the two primary debris fields, the ring of objects in GEO, and the cloud of objects in low earth orbit (LEO) …
12New Horizons — For other uses, see New Horizons (disambiguation). New Horizons Operator NASA Major contractors Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) …
13Nebular hypothesis — Star formation Interstellar medium Molecular cloud …
14Fouling — This article is about fouling in engineering. For uses of the term foul outside technology, see Foul (disambiguation). Not to be confused with fowling. Heat exchanger in a steam power plant, fouled by macro fouling …
15Life Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Zoology In 2008 several zoological studies provided new insights into how species life history traits (such as the timing of reproduction or the length of life of adult individuals) are derived in part as responses to… …
16Stellar evolution — Life cycle of a Sun like star Stellar evolution is the process by which a star undergoes a sequence of radical changes during its lifetime. Depending on the mass of the star, this lifetime ranges from only a few million years (for the most… …
17Black carbon — or BC is formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuel, and biomass, and is emitted in both anthropogenic and naturally occurring soot. Black carbon warms the planet by absorbing heat in the atmosphere and by reducing albedo,… …
18Wind — For other uses, see Wind (disambiguation). Wind, from the …
19Pioneer anomaly — The Pioneer anomaly or Pioneer effect is the observed deviation from expectations of the trajectories of various unmanned spacecraft visiting the outer solar system, notably Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11. Both spacecraft are escaping from the solar… …
20atmosphere, evolution of — Introduction the development of Earth s (Earth) atmosphere across geologic time. The process by which the current atmosphere arose from earlier conditions is complex; however, evidence related to the evolution of Earth s atmosphere, though… …
