number-theoretic formula
61Second-order arithmetic — In mathematical logic, second order arithmetic is a collection of axiomatic systems that formalize the natural numbers and sets thereof. It is an alternative to axiomatic set theory as a foundation for much, but not all, of mathematics. The… …
62Church–Turing thesis — Church s thesis redirects here. For the constructive mathematics assertion, see Church s thesis (constructive mathematics). In computability theory, the Church–Turing thesis (also known as the Church–Turing conjecture, Church s thesis, Church s… …
63Set theory — This article is about the branch of mathematics. For musical set theory, see Set theory (music). A Venn diagram illustrating the intersection of two sets. Set theory is the branch of mathematics that studies sets, which are collections of objects …
64Riemann surface — For the Riemann surface of a subring of a field, see Zariski–Riemann space. Riemann surface for the function ƒ(z) = √z. The two horizontal axes represent the real and imaginary parts of z, while the vertical axis represents the real… …
65Ménage problem — A table with ten place settings. According to the solution to the ménage problem, there are 3120 different ways in which five couples can choose seats at this table in such a way that men and women alternate and do not sit next to their partners …
66Clique problem — The brute force algorithm finds a 4 clique in this 7 vertex graph (the complement of the 7 vertex path graph) by systematically checking all C(7,4)=35 4 vertex subgraphs for completeness. In computer science, the clique problem refers to any of… …
67logic, history of — Introduction the history of the discipline from its origins among the ancient Greeks to the present time. Origins of logic in the West Precursors of ancient logic There was a medieval tradition according to which the Greek philosopher …
68Per Martin-Löf — in 2004 Born May 8, 1942 (194 …
69Least common multiple — In arithmetic and number theory, the least common multiple (also called the lowest common multiple or smallest common multiple) of two integers a and b, usually denoted by LCM(a, b), is the smallest positive integer that is a multiple of both a… …
70Non-standard analysis — Abraham Robinson Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz argued tha …
