number-theoretic formula
31Arithmetic function — In number theory, an arithmetic (or arithmetical) function is a real or complex valued function ƒ(n) defined on the set of natural numbers (i.e. positive integers) that expresses some arithmetical property of n. [1] An example of an arithmetic… …
32μ operator — In computability theory, the μ operator, minimization operator, or unbounded search operator searches for the least natural number with a given property. Contents 1 Definition 2 Properties 3 Examples …
33Quadratic residue — In number theory, an integer q is called a quadratic residue modulo n if it is congruent to a perfect square modulo n; i.e., if there exists an integer x such that: Otherwise, q is called a quadratic nonresidue modulo n. Originally an abstract… …
34Möbius function — This article is about the number theoretic Möbius function. For the combinatorial Möbius function, see incidence algebra. For the rational functions defined on the complex numbers, see Möbius transformation. The classical Möbius function μ(n) is… …
35Multiplication algorithm — A multiplication algorithm is an algorithm (or method) to multiply two numbers. Depending on the size of the numbers, different algorithms are in use. Efficient multiplication algorithms have existed since the advent of the decimal system.… …
36Computational complexity of mathematical operations — The following tables list the running time of various algorithms for common mathematical operations. Here, complexity refers to the time complexity of performing computations on a multitape Turing machine.[1] See big O notation for an explanation …
37Cipolla's algorithm — In computational number theory, Cipolla s algorithm is a technique for solving a congruence of the form x2 = n, where , so n is the square of x, and where p is an odd prime. Here denotes the finite field with p elements; . Th …
38Group theory — is a mathematical discipline, the part of abstract algebra that studies the algebraic structures known as groups. The development of group theory sprang from three main sources: number theory, theory of algebraic equations, and geometry. The… …
39Logicism — is one of the schools of thought in the philosophy of mathematics, putting forth the theory that mathematics is an extension of logic and therefore some or all mathematics is reducible to logic.[1] Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead… …
40Fast Fourier transform — A fast Fourier transform (FFT) is an efficient algorithm to compute the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and its inverse. There are many distinct FFT algorithms involving a wide range of mathematics, from simple complex number arithmetic to group …
