number-theoretic formula
111Coherent states — In quantum mechanics a coherent state is a specific kind of quantum state of the quantum harmonic oscillator whose dynamics most closely resembles the oscillating behaviour of a classical harmonic oscillator. It was the first example of quantum… …
112Conditioning (probability) — Beliefs depend on the available information. This idea is formalized in probability theory by conditioning. Conditional probabilities, conditional expectations and conditional distributions are treated on three levels: discrete probabilities,… …
113MATHEMATICS — Bible The Bible does not deal directly with proper mathematical subjects; however there are some parts that do relate indirectly to different mathematical topics. These are widely discussed by the various commentators on the Bible and Talmud: the …
114Photon — This article is about the elementary particle of light. For other uses, see Photon (disambiguation). Photon Photons emitted in a coherent beam from a laser Composition Elementary particle …
115Dirac delta function — Schematic representation of the Dirac delta function by a line surmounted by an arrow. The height of the arrow is usually used to specify the value of any multiplicative constant, which will give the area under the function. The other convention… …
116Laws of Form — (hereinafter LoF ) is a book by G. Spencer Brown, published in 1969, that straddles the boundary between mathematics and of philosophy. LoF describes three distinct logical systems: * The primary arithmetic (described in Chapter 4), whose models… …
117Logic — For other uses, see Logic (disambiguation). Philosophy …
118Graph theory — In mathematics and computer science, graph theory is the study of graphs : mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects from a certain collection. A graph in this context refers to a collection of vertices or nodes and …
119Reverse mathematics — is a program in mathematical logic that seeks to determine which axioms are required to prove theorems of mathematics. The method can briefly be described as going backwards from the theorems to the axioms. This contrasts with the ordinary… …
120topology — topologic /top euh loj ik/, topological, adj. topologically, adv. topologist, n. /teuh pol euh jee/, n., pl. topologies for 3. Math. 1. the study of those properties of geometric forms that remain invariant under c …
