normalized quantity
101Exponential distribution — Not to be confused with the exponential families of probability distributions. Exponential Probability density function Cumulative distribution function para …
102Convergence of random variables — In probability theory, there exist several different notions of convergence of random variables. The convergence of sequences of random variables to some limit random variable is an important concept in probability theory, and its applications to …
103Partial differential equation — A visualisation of a solution to the heat equation on a two dimensional plane In mathematics, partial differential equations (PDE) are a type of differential equation, i.e., a relation involving an unknown function (or functions) of several… …
104History of Iran — see also Kings of Persia · Timeline of Iran Antiquity …
105Avalanche — This article refers to the natural event. For other uses, see Avalanche (disambiguation) An avalanche is an abrupt and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are among the biggest dangers in the… …
106Fitness (biology) — Fitness (often denoted w in population genetics models) is a central idea in evolutionary theory. It can be defined either with respect to a genotype or to a phenotype. In either case, it describes the ability to both survive and reproduce, and… …
107Dzogchen — This article is about the primordial state in Tibetan Buddhism and Bön. For the monastery, see Dzogchen Monastery. Dzogchen Tibetan name Tibetan: རྫོགས་ཆེན་ Wylie transliteration: rdzogs chen (rdzogs pa chen po) …
108Figure of the Earth — An oblate spheroid Geodesy …
109Helmholtz free energy — In thermodynamics, the Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamic potential which measures the “useful” work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system at a constant temperature and volume. For such a system, the negative of the difference in… …
110Correlation function — For other uses, see Correlation function (disambiguation). A correlation function is the correlation between random variables at two different points in space or time, usually as a function of the spatial or temporal distance between the points.… …
