nontrivial absolute value
1Absolute value (algebra) — In mathematics, an absolute value is a function which measures the size of elements in a field or integral domain. More precisely, if D is an integral domain, then an absolute value is any mapping | thinsp; sdot; thinsp;| from D to the real… …
2Ostrowski's theorem — Ostrowski s theorem, due to Alexander Ostrowski (1916), states that any non trivial absolute value on the rational numbers Q is equivalent to either the usual real absolute value or a p adic absolute value. Contents 1 Definitions 2 Proof 2.1 Case …
3Complex number — A complex number can be visually represented as a pair of numbers forming a vector on a diagram called an Argand diagram, representing the complex plane. Re is the real axis, Im is the imaginary axis, and i is the square root of –1. A complex… …
4Algebraic number field — In mathematics, an algebraic number field (or simply number field) F is a finite (and hence algebraic) field extension of the field of rational numbers Q. Thus F is a field that contains Q and has finite dimension when considered as a vector… …
5Splitting circle method — In mathematics, the splitting circle method is a numerical algorithm for the numerical factorization of a polynomial and, ultimately, for finding its complex roots. It was introduced by Arnold Schönhage in his 1982 paper The fundamental theorem… …
6Riemann hypothesis — The real part (red) and imaginary part (blue) of the Riemann zeta function along the critical line Re(s) = 1/2. The first non trivial zeros can be seen at Im(s) = ±14.135, ±21.022 and ±25.011 …
7Order-disorder — In quantum field theory and statistical mechanics in the thermodynamic limit, a system with a global symmetry can have more than one phase. For parameters where the symmetry is spontaneously broken, the system is said to be ordered. When the… …
8spectroscopy — spectroscopist /spek tros keuh pist/, n. /spek tros keuh pee, spek treuh skoh pee/, n. the science that deals with the use of the spectroscope and with spectrum analysis. [1865 70; SPECTRO + SCOPY] * * * Branch of analysis devoted to identifying… …
9Infinite descent — In mathematics, a proof by infinite descent is a particular kind of proof by contradiction which relies on the fact that the natural numbers are well ordered. One typical application is to show that a given equation has no solutions. Assuming a… …
103-sphere — Stereographic projection of the hypersphere s parallels (red), meridians (blue) and hypermeridians (green). Because this projection is conformal, the curves intersect each other orthogonally (in the yellow points) as in 4D. All curves are circles …
