nonnegative element
91Formal derivative — In mathematics, the formal derivative is an operation on elements of a polynomial ring which mimics the form of the derivative from calculus. Though they appear similar, the algebraic advantage of a formal derivative is that it does not rely on… …
92Elliptic coordinates — are a two dimensional orthogonal coordinate system in which the coordinate lines are confocal ellipses and hyperbolae. The two foci F {1} and F {2} are generally taken to be fixed at a and+a, respectively, on the x axis of the Cartesian… …
93Elliptic cylindrical coordinates — are a three dimensional orthogonal coordinate system that results from projecting the two dimensional elliptic coordinate system in theperpendicular z direction. Hence, the coordinate surfaces are prisms of confocal ellipses and hyperbolae. The… …
94Prolate spheroidal coordinates — are a three dimensional orthogonal coordinate system that results from rotating the two dimensional elliptic coordinate system about the focal axis of the ellipse, i.e., the axis on which the foci are located. Rotation about the other axis… …
95Choi's theorem on completely positive maps — In mathematics, Choi s theorem on completely positive maps (after Man Duen Choi) is a result that classifies completely positive maps between finite dimensional (matrix) C* algebras. An infinite dimensional algebraic generalization of Choi s… …
96Van Kampen diagram — In the mathematical area of geometric group theory, a van Kampen diagram is a planar diagram used to represent the fact that a particular word among the generators of a group given by a group presentation represents the identity element in that… …
97Banach fixed-point theorem — In mathematics, the Banach fixed point theorem (also known as the contraction mapping theorem or contraction mapping principle) is an important tool in the theory of metric spaces; it guarantees the existence and uniqueness of fixed points of… …
98List of mathematical jargon — The language of mathematics has a vast vocabulary of specialist and technical terms. It also has a certain amount of jargon: commonly used phrases which are part of the culture of mathematics, rather than of the subject. Jargon often appears in… …
99Optical aberration — v · d · e Optical aberration …
100Euclidean space — Every point in three dimensional Euclidean space is determined by three coordinates. In mathematics, Euclidean space is the Euclidean plane and three dimensional space of Euclidean geometry, as well as the generalizations of these notions to… …
