nonnegative element
51Multiset — This article is about the mathematical concept. For the computer science data structure, see Set (computer science)#Multiset. In mathematics, the notion of multiset (or bag) is a generalization of the notion of set in which members are allowed to …
52Planar algebra — In mathematics, planar algebras first appeared in the work of Vaughan Jones on the standard invariant of a II1 subfactor [http://www.math.berkeley.edu/ vfr/plnalg1.ps] . They also provide an appropriate algebraic framework for many knot… …
53P-group — In mathematics, given a prime number p , a p group is a periodic group in which each element has a power of p as its order. That is, for each element g of the group, there exists a nonnegative integer n such that g to the power pn is equal to the …
54Zero-sum — In game theory and economic theory, zero sum describes a situation in which a participant s gain or loss is exactly balanced by the losses or gains of the other participant(s). If the total gains of the participants are added up, and the total… …
55Addition — is the mathematical process of putting things together. The plus sign + means that two numbers are added together. For example, in the picture on the right, there are 3 + 2 apples meaning three apples and two other apples which is the same as… …
56Radical of an ideal — In ring theory, a branch of mathematics, the radical of an ideal is a kind of completion of the ideal. There are several special radicals associated with the entire ring such as the nilradical and the Jacobson radical , which isolate certain bad… …
57Ordered ring — In abstract algebra, an ordered ring is a commutative ring R with a total order ≤ such that for all a, b, and c in R: if a ≤ b then a + c ≤ b + c. if 0 ≤ a and 0 ≤ b then 0 ≤ ab. Ordered rings are familiar from arithmetic. Examples include the… …
58Constraint logic programming — Programming paradigms Agent oriented Automata based Component based Flow based Pipelined Concatenative Concurrent computing …
59Zero–sum game — For other uses, see Zero sum (disambiguation). In game theory and economic theory, a zero sum game is a mathematical representation of a situation in which a participant s gain (or loss) of utility is exactly balanced by the losses (or gains) of… …
60Primitive recursive function — The primitive recursive functions are defined using primitive recursion and composition as central operations and are a strict subset of the recursive functions (recursive functions are also known as computable functions). The term was coined by… …
