nonnegative element
111Hamiltonian mechanics — is a re formulation of classical mechanics that was introduced in 1833 by Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton. It arose from Lagrangian mechanics, a previous re formulation of classical mechanics introduced by Joseph Louis Lagrange in 1788 …
112Right quotient — The right quotient (or simply quotient) of a formal language L 1 with a formal language L 2 is the language consisting of strings w such that wx is in L 1 for some string x in L 2. In symbols, we write::L 1 / L 2 = {w | exists x ((x in L 2) land… …
113Defined and undefined — In mathematics, defined and undefined are used to explain whether or not expressions have meaningful, sensible, and unambiguous values. Not all branches of mathematics come to the same conclusion.Examples and workaroundsThe following expressions… …
114Factor analysis — is a statistical method used to describe variability among observed, correlated variables in terms of a potentially lower number of unobserved, uncorrelated variables called factors. In other words, it is possible, for example, that variations in …
115Tensor algebra — In mathematics, the tensor algebra of a vector space V , denoted T ( V ) or T bull;( V ), is the algebra of tensors on V (of any rank) with multiplication being the tensor product. It is the free algebra on V , in the sense of being left adjoint… …
116Wishart distribution — Probability distribution name =Wishart type =density pdf cdf parameters = n > 0! deg. of freedom (real) mathbf{V} > 0, scale matrix ( pos. def) support =mathbf{W}! is positive definite pdf =frac{left|mathbf{W} ight|^frac{n p 1}{2… …
117Positive linear functional — In mathematics, especially in functional analysis, a positive linear functional on an ordered vector space ( V , ≤) is a linear functional f on V so that for all positive elements v of V , that is v ge;0, it holds that:f(v)geq 0.In other words, a …
118Compositional data — In statistics, compositional data are quantitative descriptions of the parts of some whole, conveying exclusively relative information. This definition, given by John Aitchison (1986) has several consequences: A compositional data point, or… …
119Greedoid — In combinatorics, a greedoid is a type of set system. It arises from the notion of the matroid, which was originally introduced by Whitney in 1935 to study planar graphs and was later used by Edmonds to characterize a class of optimization… …
120Boolean function — In mathematics, a (finitary) Boolean function is a function of the form f : B k rarr; B, where B = {0, 1} is a Boolean domain and k is a nonnegative integer called the arity of the function. In the case where k = 0, the function is essentially a… …
