nonequilibrium state
11Maximum entropy thermodynamics — In physics, maximum entropy thermodynamics (colloquially, MaxEnt thermodynamics) views equilibrium thermodynamics and statistical mechanics as inference processes. More specifically, MaxEnt applies inference techniques rooted in Shannon… …
12Green–Kubo relations — give exact mathematical expression for transport coefficients in terms of integrals of time correlation functions.Thermal and mechanical transport processesThermodynamic systems may be prevented from relaxing to equilibrium because of the… …
13Vacant niche — The issue of what exactly defines a vacant niche and whether they exist in ecosystems is the subject of some considerable controversy. It is important to understand that the subject is intimately tied into a much broader debate on whether… …
14Marcus theory — is a theory originally developed by Rudolph A. Marcus, starting in 1956, to explain the rates of electron transfer reactions – the rate at which an electron can move or jump from one chemical species (called the electron donor) to another (called …
15Dmitry Zubarev — Born November 27, 1917(1917 11 27) Moscow, Russia Died July 29, 1992(1992 07 29) …
16Molecular dynamics — (MD) is a computer simulation of physical movements of atoms and molecules. The atoms and molecules are allowed to interact for a period of time, giving a view of the motion of the atoms. In the most common version, the trajectories of molecules… …
17Ocean acidification — Change in sea water acidity pH caused by anthropogenic CO2 between the 1700s and the 1990s Ocean acidification is the name given to the ongoing decrease in the pH and increase in acidity of the Earth …
18Hypersonic — In aerodynamics, hypersonic speeds are speeds that are highly supersonic. Since the 1970s, the term has generally been assumed to refer to speeds of Mach 5 (5 times the speed of sound) and above. The hypersonic regime is a subset of the… …
19Self-organization — is a process of attraction and repulsion in which the internal organization of a system, normally an open system, increases in complexity without being guided or managed by an outside source. Self organizing systems typically (though not always)… …
20Morphogenic network/Inspiration for morphogenic network — Inspiration for morphogenic network= Genetic algorithm with branchingThis theory was inspired by an attempt to apply the genetic algorithm to a classifier system. The traditional genetic algorithm fails to take into account that the gene pool is… …
