near-field approximation
11Fresnel diffraction — In optics, the Fresnel diffraction equation for near field diffraction, is an approximation of Kirchhoff Fresnel diffraction that can be applied to the propagation of waves in the near field.[1] The near field can be specified by the Fresnel… …
12Fraunhofer diffraction — In optics, Fraunhofer diffraction is a form of wave diffraction, which occurs when field waves are passed through an aperture or slit, causing only the size of an observed aperture image to change Hecht, E. (1987) , p396 Definition of Fraunhofer… …
13Computational electromagnetics — Computational electromagnetics, computational electrodynamics or electromagnetic modeling is the process of modeling the interaction of electromagnetic fields with physical objects and the environment. It typically involves using computationally… …
14Fourier optics — is the study of classical optics using techniques involving Fourier transforms and can be seen as an extension of the Huygens Fresnel principle. The underlying theorem that light waves can be described as made up of sinusoidal waves, in a manner… …
15Diffraction — Computer generated intensity pattern formed on a screen by diffraction from a square aperture …
16Diffraction formalism — Main article: Diffraction Contents 1 Quantitative description and analysis 1.1 General diffraction 1.2 Approximations 1.3 …
17Dipole antenna — A schematic of a half wave dipole antenna connected to an unbalanced coaxial cable. Better practice is to connect the balanced dipole to the unbalanced line with a balun. A dipole antenna is a radio antenna that can be made of a simple wire, with …
18Multipole radiation — is a theoretical framework for the description of electromagnetic or gravitational radiation from time dependent distributions of distant sources. These tools are applied to physical phenomena which occur at a variety of length scales from… …
19Negative index metamaterials — A negative index metamaterial causes light to refract, or bend, differently than in more common positive refractive index materials. Negative index metamaterials or negative index materials (NIM) are artificial structures where the refractive… …
20Radiation pattern — Three dimensional antenna radiation patterns. The radial distance from the origin in any direction represents the strength of radiation emitted in that direction. The top shows the directive pattern of a horn antenna, the bottom shows the… …
