natural wastage
31ЕСТЕСТВЕННОЕ СОКРАЩЕНИЕ ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ РАБОЧЕЙ СИЛЫ — (natural wastage) Часть рабочей силы, которая ежегодно оставляет свои рабочие места по любым причинам, за исключением увольнения по инициативе своих работодателей, но включает рабочих, выходящих на пенсию, и тех, кто оставляет работу по личным… …
32ИЗДЕРЖКИ, СВЯЗАННЫЕ С АДАПТАЦИЕЙ — (adjustment costs) Издержки изменения значений контролируемых экономических переменных (variables). У каждого экономического агента, будь то частное лицо, фирма или государство, есть функция полезности (utility function), которая определяет,… …
33at·tri·tion — /əˈtrıʃən/ noun [noncount] formal 1 chiefly US : a reduction in the number of employees or participants that occurs when people leave because they resign, retire, etc., and are not replaced The staff has been thinned through attrition. [=the… …
34education — /ej oo kay sheuhn/, n. 1. the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life. 2. the act or process of… …
35river — river1 riverless, adj. riverlike, adj. /riv euhr/, n. 1. a natural stream of water of fairly large size flowing in a definite course or channel or series of diverging and converging channels. 2. a similar stream of something other than water: a… …
36international relations — a branch of political science dealing with the relations between nations. [1970 75] * * * Study of the relations of states with each other and with international organizations and certain subnational entities (e.g., bureaucracies and political… …
37Ministry of Petroleum of Iran — The Iranian constitution prohibits the granting of petroleum rights on a concessionary basis or direct equity stake. However, the 1987 Petroleum Law permits the establishment of contracts between the Ministry of Petroleum, state companies and… …
38Somerset Levels — The Somerset Levels (or Somerset Levels and Moors as they are less commonly, but more correctly, called) is a sparsely populated wetland area of central Somerset, England, between the Quantock and Mendip hills. They consist of marine clay levels… …
39Urban planning in Singapore — has formulated and guided its physical development from the day the modern city state was founded in 1819 as a British colony to the developed, independent country it is today. Urban planning is especially important due to land constraints and… …
40Europe, history of — Introduction history of European peoples and cultures from prehistoric times to the present. Europe is a more ambiguous term than most geographic expressions. Its etymology is doubtful, as is the physical extent of the area it designates.… …
