microscopic field
51Meissner effect — Diagram of the Meissner effect. Magnetic field lines, represented as arrows, are excluded from a superconductor when it is below its critical temperature. The Meissner effect is the expulsion of a magnetic field from a superconductor during its… …
52Optical tweezers — (originally called single beam gradient force trap ) are scientific instruments that use a highly focused laser beam to provide an attractive or repulsive force (typically on the order of piconewtons), depending on the refractive index mismatch… …
53Software tools for molecular microscopy — There are a large number of software tools or software applications that have been specifically developed for the field sometimes referred to as molecular microscopy or cryo electron microscopy or cryoEM. Several special issues of the Journal of… …
54astronomy — /euh stron euh mee/, n. the science that deals with the material universe beyond the earth s atmosphere. [1175 1225; ME astronomie ( < AF) < L astronomia < Gk. See ASTRO , NOMY] * * * I Science dealing with the origin, evolution, composition,… …
55geology — /jee ol euh jee/, n., pl. geologies. 1. the science that deals with the dynamics and physical history of the earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the physical, chemical, and biological changes that the earth has undergone or is… …
56Cluster (spacecraft) — Cluster Operator European Space Agency in international collaboration with NASA Major contractors Dornier GmbH (now part of EADS) Mission type Orbiter Satellite of Earth …
57Black hole — For other uses, see Black hole (disambiguation). Simulated view of a black hole (center) in front of the Large Magellanic Cloud. Note the gravitat …
58Experiment — Experimental redirects here. For the musical classification, see Experimental music. For other uses, see Experiment (disambiguation). Even very young children perform rudimentary experiments in order to learn about the world. An experiment is a… …
59History of biology — For the video game, see History of Biology (video game). The frontispiece to Erasmus Darwin s evolution themed poem The Temple of Nature shows a goddess pulling back the veil from nature (in the person of Artemis). Allegory and metaphor have… …
60Petrography — is that branch of petrology which focuses on detailed descriptions of rocks. Someone who studies petrography is called a petrographer. The mineral content and the textural relationships within the rock are described in detail. Petrographic… …
