maximum-likelihood criterion
71Structural equation modeling — (SEM) is a statistical technique for testing and estimating causal relations using a combination of statistical data and qualitative causal assumptions. This definition of SEM was articulated by the geneticist Sewall Wright (1921),[1] the… …
72Null hypothesis — For the periodical, see Null Hypothesis: The Journal of Unlikely Science. The practice of science involves formulating and testing hypotheses, assertions that are capable of being proven false using a test of observed data. The null hypothesis… …
73Minimum message length — (MML) is a formal information theory restatement of Occam s Razor: even when models are not equal in goodness of fit accuracy to the observed data, the one generating the shortest overall message is more likely to be correct (where the message… …
74P-value — In statistical significance testing, the p value is the probability of obtaining a test statistic at least as extreme as the one that was actually observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true. One often rejects the null hypothesis when the …
75Discrepancy function — A discrepancy function is a mathematical function which describes how closely a structural model conforms to observed data. Larger values of the discrepancy function indicate a poor fit of the model to data. In general, the parameter estimates… …
76Kemeny-Young method — The Kemeny Young method is a voting system that uses preferential ballots, pairwise comparison counts, and sequence scores to identify the most popular choice, and also identify the second most popular choice, the third most popular choice, and… …
77Regression discontinuity design — In statistics, econometrics, epidemiology and related disciplines, a regression discontinuity design (RDD) is a design that elicits the causal effects of interventions by exploiting a given exogenous threshold determining assignment to treatment …
78Linear least squares — is an important computational problem, that arises primarily in applications when it is desired to fit a linear mathematical model to measurements obtained from experiments. The goals of linear least squares are to extract predictions from the… …
79Linear least squares (mathematics) — This article is about the mathematics that underlie curve fitting using linear least squares. For statistical regression analysis using least squares, see linear regression. For linear regression on a single variable, see simple linear regression …
80Gaussian adaptation — Articleissues citations missing = July 2008 COI = y expert = Mathematics notability = July 2008 jargon = July 2008 OR = September 2007 primarysources = July 2008 technical = July 2008Gaussian adaptation (GA) is an evolutionary algorithm designed… …
