mathematical theory of optimal processes
81Life Sciences — ▪ 2009 Introduction Zoology In 2008 several zoological studies provided new insights into how species life history traits (such as the timing of reproduction or the length of life of adult individuals) are derived in part as responses to… …
82Economic model — A diagram of the IS/LM model In economics, a model is a theoretical construct that represents economic processes by a set of variables and a set of logical and/or quantitative relationships between them. The economic model is a simplified… …
83Aron Katsenelinboigen — Aron Katsenelinboigen, (September 2, 1927 July 30, 2005), a founder of Predispositioning Theory, was born in September 1927 in a Ukrainian town of Izyaslavl.Background Katsenelinboigen enrolled at the Uzbekistan Institute of Economics at the age… …
84William H. Starbuck — Infobox Scientist name = William Starbuck image width = 150px caption = birth date = birth date|1934|9|20|mf=y birth place = Portland, Indiana residence = citizenship = nationality = ethnicity = field = Cognitive Psychologist Organizational… …
85Neural network — For other uses, see Neural network (disambiguation). Simplified view of a feedforward artificial neural network The term neural network was traditionally used to refer to a network or circuit of biological neurons.[1] The modern usage of the term …
86PID controller — A block diagram of a PID controller A proportional–integral–derivative controller (PID controller) is a generic control loop feedback mechanism (controller) widely used in industrial control systems – a PID is the most commonly used feedback… …
87science, history of — Introduction the history of science from its beginnings in prehistoric times to the 20th century. On the simplest level, science is knowledge of the world of nature. There are many regularities in nature that mankind has had to… …
88Gaia hypothesis — The study of planetary habitability is partly based upon extrapolation from knowledge of the Earth s conditions, as the Earth is the only planet currently known to harbour life. The Gaia hypothesis, also known as Gaia theory or Gaia principle,… …
89Edge coloring — A 3 edge coloring of the Desargues graph. In graph theory, an edge coloring of a graph is an assignment of “colors” to the edges of the graph so that no two adjacent edges have the same color. For example, the figure to the right shows an edge… …
90Database — A database is an organized collection of data for one or more purposes, usually in digital form. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality (for example, the availability of rooms in hotels), in a way that supports… …
