mathematical theory of optimal processes
71Mutualism (biology) — Hummingbird Hawkmoth drinking from Dianthus. Pollination is a classic example of mutualism. Mutualism is the way two organisms of different species biologically interact in a relationship in which each individual derives a fitness benefit (i.e.,… …
72fuzzy logic — ☆ fuzzy logic n. 〚< fuzzy (set), coined (1965) by L. A. Zadeh, U.S. computer scientist〛 a type of logic used in computers and other electronic devices for processing imprecise or variable data: in place of the traditional binary values, fuzzy… …
73Theoretical ecology — Mathematical models developed in theoretical ecology predict complex food webs are less stable than simple webs.[1]:75–77[2]:64 …
74nature, philosophy of — Introduction the discipline that investigates substantive issues regarding the actual features of nature as a reality. The discussion here is divided into two parts: the philosophy of physics and the philosophy of biology. In this… …
75Operations research — For the academic journal, see Operations Research: A Journal of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences. Operations research (also referred to as decision science, or management science) is an interdisciplinary… …
76Nobel Prizes — ▪ 2009 Introduction Prize for Peace The 2008 Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to Martti Ahtisaari, former president (1994–2000) of Finland, for his work over more than 30 years in settling international disputes, many involving ethnic,… …
77Algorithm — Flow chart of an algorithm (Euclid s algorithm) for calculating the greatest common divisor (g.c.d.) of two numbers a and b in locations named A and B. The algorithm proceeds by successive subtractions in two loops: IF the test B ≤ A yields yes… …
78evolution — evolutional, adj. evolutionally, adv. /ev euh looh sheuhn/ or, esp. Brit., /ee veuh /, n. 1. any process of formation or growth; development: the evolution of a language; the evolution of the airplane. 2. a product of such development; something… …
79Glossary of philosophical isms — This is a list of topics relating to philosophy that end in ism . compactTOC NOTOC A * Absolutism – the position that in a particular domain of thought, all statements in that domain are either absolutely true or absolutely false: none is true… …
80Ecology — For other uses, see Ecology (disambiguation). Ecology …
