material radiative properties
41Cryosphere — Overview of the Cryosphere and its larger components, from the UN Environment Programme Global Outlook for Ice and Snow. The cryosphere (from the Greek κρύος cryos cold , frost or ice ) is the term which collectively describes the portions of the …
42Transformer — This article is about the electrical device. For the toy line franchise, see Transformers. For other uses, see Transformer (disambiguation). Pole mounted distribution transformer with center tapped secondary winding. This type of transformer is… …
43Vega — Starbox begin name=Vega Starbox image caption = Location of Vega in the constellation Lyra. Starbox observe epoch=J2000.0 constell=Lyra ra=RA|18|36|56.3364cite web author=Staff date=October 30, 2007 url=http://simbad.u strasbg.fr/simbad/sim… …
44Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells — Copper indium gallium selenide (CuIn1 xGaxSe2 or CIGS) is a direct bandgap semiconductor useful for the manufacture of solar cells. Because the material strongly absorbs sunlight, a much thinner film is required than of other semiconductor… …
45Electromagnetic radiation — Electromagnetism Electricity · …
46Stopping power (particle radiation) — In passing through matter, fast charged particles ionize the atoms or molecules which they encounter. Thus, the fast particles gradually lose energy in many small steps. Stopping power is defined as the average energy loss of the particle per… …
47Thermal insulation — The term thermal insulation can refer to materials used to reduce the rate of heat transfer, or the methods and processes used to reduce heat transfer.Heat energy can be transferred by conduction, convection, radiation or when undergoing a phase… …
48Carrier generation and recombination — In the solid state physics of semiconductors, carrier generation and recombination are processes by which mobile electrons and electron holes are created and eliminated. Carrier generation and recombination processes are fundamental to the… …
49Thermometer — A clinical mercury in glass thermometer …
50Stellar evolution — Life cycle of a Sun like star Stellar evolution is the process by which a star undergoes a sequence of radical changes during its lifetime. Depending on the mass of the star, this lifetime ranges from only a few million years (for the most… …
