low-temperature room
51Zinc oxide — Other names Zinc white Calamine Identifiers …
52Pulse tube refrigerator — The Pulse tube cryocooler is a developing technology that emerged largely in the early 1980 s with a series of other innovations in the broader field of Thermoacoustics. In contrast with other cryocoolers (eg Stirling cryocooler and Gifford… …
53gas — gasless, adj. /gas/, n., pl. gases, v., gassed, gassing. n. 1. Physics. a substance possessing perfect molecular mobility and the property of indefinite expansion, as opposed to a solid or liquid. 2. any such fluid or mixture of fluids. 3. any… …
54Electric heating — is any process in which electrical energy is converted to heat. Common applications include heating of buildings, cooking, and industrial processes. An electric heater is an electrical appliance that converts electrical energy into heat. The… …
55Direct bonding — describes a wafer bonding process without any additional intermediate layers. The bonding process is based on chemical bonds between two surfaces of any material possible meeting numerous requirements.[1] These requirements are specified for the… …
56Flux (metallurgy) — Rosin used as flux for soldering A flux pen used f …
57Nobel Prizes — ▪ 2009 Introduction Prize for Peace The 2008 Nobel Prize for Peace was awarded to Martti Ahtisaari, former president (1994–2000) of Finland, for his work over more than 30 years in settling international disputes, many involving ethnic,… …
58Properties of water — H2O and HOH redirect here. For other uses, see H2O (disambiguation) and HOH (disambiguation). This article is about the physical and chemical properties of pure water. For general discussion and its distribution and importance in life, see Water …
59Refrigerator — Fridge and Freezer redirect here. For other uses, see Fridge (disambiguation) and Freezer (disambiguation). For other uses, see Refrigerator (disambiguation). See also: Refrigeration A side by side refrigerator …
60Liquid crystal — Schlieren texture of liquid crystal nematic phase Liquid crystals (LCs) are a state of matter that have properties between those of a conventional liquid and those of a solid crystal.[1] For instance, an LC may flow like a liquid, but its… …
