logical equation
61History of the Church–Turing thesis — This article is an extension of the history of the Church–Turing thesis. The debate and discovery of the meaning of computation and recursion has been long and contentious. This article provides detail of that debate and discovery from Peano s… …
62Dirac, P.A.M. — ▪ English physicist in full Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac born August 8, 1902, Bristol, Gloucestershire, England died October 20, 1984, Tallahassee, Florida, U.S. English theoretical physicist who was one of the founders of quantum mechanics… …
63Liar paradox — In philosophy and logic, the liar paradox, known to the ancients as the pseudomenon, encompasses paradoxical statements such as This sentence is false. or The next sentence is false. The previous sentence is true. These statements are paradoxical …
64Consequences of special relativity — Special relativity has several consequences that struck many people as counterintuitive, among which are: The time lapse between two events is not invariant from one observer to another, but is dependent on the relative speeds of the observers… …
65Logicism — is one of the schools of thought in the philosophy of mathematics, putting forth the theory that mathematics is an extension of logic and therefore some or all mathematics is reducible to logic.[1] Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead… …
66Transformation problem — In 20th century discussions of Karl Marx s economics the transformation problem is the problem of finding a general rule to transform the values of commodities (based on labour according to his labour theory of value) into the competitive prices… …
67Prices of production — refers to a concept in Karl Marx s critique of political economy. It is introduced in the third volume of Das Kapital, where Marx considers the operation of capitalist production as the unity of a production process and a circulation process… …
68'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk — ʿAbd al Hamīd ibn Turk (fl. 830), known also as ʿAbd al Hamīd ibn Wase ibn Turk Jili was a ninth century Turkic Muslim mathematician. Not much is known about his biography. The two records of him, one by Ibn Nadim and the other by al Qifti are… …
69Judaism — /jooh dee iz euhm, day , deuh /, n. 1. the monotheistic religion of the Jews, having its ethical, ceremonial, and legal foundation in the precepts of the Old Testament and in the teachings and commentaries of the rabbis as found chiefly in the… …
70physics — /fiz iks/, n. (used with a sing. v.) the science that deals with matter, energy, motion, and force. [1580 90; see PHYSIC, ICS] * * * I Science that deals with the structure of matter and the interactions between the fundamental constituents of… …
