linear assumption
51Transformation problem — In 20th century discussions of Karl Marx s economics the transformation problem is the problem of finding a general rule to transform the values of commodities (based on labour according to his labour theory of value) into the competitive prices… …
52Sorting algorithm — In computer science, a sorting algorithm is an algorithm that puts elements of a list in a certain order. The most used orders are numerical order and lexicographical order. Efficient sorting is important for optimizing the use of other… …
53Mathematics and Physical Sciences — ▪ 2003 Introduction Mathematics Mathematics in 2002 was marked by two discoveries in number theory. The first may have practical implications; the second satisfied a 150 year old curiosity. Computer scientist Manindra Agrawal of the… …
54analysis — /euh nal euh sis/, n., pl. analyses / seez /. 1. the separating of any material or abstract entity into its constituent elements (opposed to synthesis). 2. this process as a method of studying the nature of something or of determining its… …
55Relational quantum mechanics — This article is intended for those already familiar with quantum mechanics and its attendant interpretational difficulties. Readers who are new to the subject may first want to read the introduction to quantum mechanics. Relational quantum… …
56Acoustic theory — is the field relating to mathematical description of sound waves. It is derived from fluid dynamics. See acoustics for the engineering approach.The propagation of sound waves in a fluid (such as air) can be modeled by an equation of motion… …
57Normal distribution — This article is about the univariate normal distribution. For normally distributed vectors, see Multivariate normal distribution. Probability density function The red line is the standard normal distribution Cumulative distribution function …
58Maximum likelihood — In statistics, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is a method of estimating the parameters of a statistical model. When applied to a data set and given a statistical model, maximum likelihood estimation provides estimates for the model s… …
59Homoscedasticity — Plot with random data showing homoscedasticity. In statistics, a sequence or a vector of random variables is homoscedastic (   …
60Student's t-test — A t test is any statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic follows a Student s t distribution if the null hypothesis is supported. It is most commonly applied when the test statistic would follow a normal distribution if the value of …
