left continuous subspace
71Pontryagin duality — In mathematics, in particular in harmonic analysis and the theory of topological groups, Pontryagin duality explains the general properties of the Fourier transform. It places in a unified context a number of observations about functions on the… …
72Differential equation — Not to be confused with Difference equation. Visualization of heat transfer in a pump casing, created by solving the heat equation. Heat is being generated internally in the casing and being cooled at the boundary, providing a steady state… …
73Linear discriminant analysis — (LDA) and the related Fisher s linear discriminant are methods used in statistics, pattern recognition and machine learning to find a linear combination of features which characterize or separate two or more classes of objects or events. The… …
74Gelfand-Naimark-Segal construction — In functional analysis, given a C* algebra A , the Gelfand Naimark Segal construction establishes a correspondence between cyclic * representations of A and certain linear functionals on A (called states ). The correspondence is shown by an… …
75Heisenberg group — In mathematics, the Heisenberg group, named after Werner Heisenberg, is the group of 3×3 upper triangular matrices of the form or its generalizations under the operation of matrix multiplication. Elements a, b, c can be taken from some… …
76Eigenvalues and eigenvectors — For more specific information regarding the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices, see Eigendecomposition of a matrix. In this shear mapping the red arrow changes direction but the blue arrow does not. Therefore the blue arrow is an… …
77Algebraic geometry and analytic geometry — In mathematics, algebraic geometry and analytic geometry are two closely related subjects. While algebraic geometry studies algebraic varieties, analytic geometry deals with complex manifolds and the more general analytic spaces defined locally… …
78Regulated function — In mathematics, a regulated function (or ruled function) is a well behaved function of a single real variable. Regulated functions arise as a class of integrable functions, and have several equivalent characterisations.DefinitionLet X be a Banach …
79Lebesgue integration — In mathematics, the integral of a non negative function can be regarded in the simplest case as the area between the graph of that function and the x axis. Lebesgue integration is a mathematical construction that extends the integral to a larger… …
80Variational method (quantum mechanics) — The variational method is, in quantum mechanics, one way of finding approximations to the lowest energy eigenstate or ground state, and some excited states. The basis for this method is the variational principle. Introduction Suppose we are given …
