least-squares linearity
31automata theory — Body of physical and logical principles underlying the operation of any electromechanical device (an automaton) that converts information input in one form into another, or into some action, according to an algorithm. Norbert Wiener and Alan M.… …
32Lebesgue integration — In mathematics, the integral of a non negative function can be regarded in the simplest case as the area between the graph of that function and the x axis. Lebesgue integration is a mathematical construction that extends the integral to a larger… …
33Expected value — This article is about the term used in probability theory and statistics. For other uses, see Expected value (disambiguation). In probability theory, the expected value (or expectation, or mathematical expectation, or mean, or the first moment)… …
34painting, Western — ▪ art Introduction history of Western painting from its beginnings in prehistoric times to the present. Painting, the execution of forms and shapes on a surface by means of pigment (but see also drawing for discussion of depictions in …
35Quantum computer — A quantum computer is a device for computation that makes direct use of distinctively quantum mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform operations on data. In a classical (or conventional) computer, information is… …
36Charge-coupled device — A specially developed CCD used for ultraviolet imaging in a wire bonded package. A charge coupled device (CCD) is a device for the movement of electrical charge, usually from within the device to an area where the charge can be manipulated, for… …
37Path integral formulation — This article is about a formulation of quantum mechanics. For integrals along a path, also known as line or contour integrals, see line integral. The path integral formulation of quantum mechanics is a description of quantum theory which… …
