least-squares linearity
11Linear — The word linear comes from the Latin word linearis , which means created by lines .In advanced mathematics, a linear map or function f ( x ) is a function which satisfies the following two properties:* Additivity (also called the superposition… …
12Computational phylogenetics — is the application of computational algorithms, methods and programs to phylogenetic analyses. The goal is to assemble a phylogenetic tree representing a hypothesis about the evolutionary ancestry of a set of genes, species, or other taxa. For… …
13Logarithmic video amplifier — A logarithmic video amplifier or LVA is typically part of radar and electronic countermeasures microwave systems and sonar navigation systems, used to convert a very large dynamic range input power to an output voltage that increases… …
14Kalman filter — Roles of the variables in the Kalman filter. (Larger image here) In statistics, the Kalman filter is a mathematical method named after Rudolf E. Kálmán. Its purpose is to use measurements observed over time, containing noise (random variations)… …
15Hilbert space — For the Hilbert space filling curve, see Hilbert curve. Hilbert spaces can be used to study the harmonics of vibrating strings. The mathematical concept of a Hilbert space, named after David Hilbert, generalizes the notion of Euclidean space. It… …
16Q-Q plot — Not to be confused with P P plot. A normal Q Q plot of randomly generated, independent standard exponential data, (X   Exp(1)). This Q Q plot compares a sample of data on the vertical axis to a statistical population on the horizontal… …
17Principal components analysis — Principal component analysis (PCA) is a vector space transform often used to reduce multidimensional data sets to lower dimensions for analysis. Depending on the field of application, it is also named the discrete Karhunen Loève transform (KLT),… …
18Correlation — In probability theory and statistics, correlation, (often measured as a correlation coefficient), indicates the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two random variables. In general statistical usage, correlation or co relation …
19Theorems and definitions in linear algebra — This article collects the main theorems and definitions in linear algebra. Vector spaces A vector space( or linear space) V over a number field² F consists of a set on which two operations (called addition and scalar multiplication, respectively) …
20Fuzzy locating system — Fuzzy locating is a rough but reliable method based on appropriate measuring technology for estimating a location of an object. The concept of precise or ‘’crisp locating’’ is replaced with respect to the operational requirements and the economic …
